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Coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke are the most well-known cardiovascular diseases, which share many common pathological basis. Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule (YDXNT) is a commonly used Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of stroke and CHD. However, its action of mechanism of co-treatment for stroke and CHD is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the common mechanism of YDXNT in co-treatment of CHD and stroke using network pharmacology, experimental verification and molecular docking. An integrated literature mining and databases of IPA, ETCM, HERB, Swiss Target Prediction, OMIM and GeneCards were used to screen and predict active ingredients and potential targets of YDXNT in co-treatment of CHD and stroke. The protein-protein interaction network, GO analysis and pathway analysis were analyzed by IPA software. The effect of YDXNT on core targets was verified by immunofluorescence. UPLC-QTOF/MS and molecular docking were used to screen and predict the main active constituents of YDXNT and their interactions with core targets. A total of 151 potential targets are predicted for YDXNT in co-treatment of CHD and stroke. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α)-matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9)-mediated HIF1α signaling pathway serves as one of the common mechanisms. YDXNT could reduce the increase of mitochondrial fluorescence intensity and the protein expression of HIF1α and MMP9 in HL-1 and HA induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in a dose-dependent manner. Baicalin may be the material basis for treating stroke and CHD with YDXNT. In conclusion, the HIF1α signaling pathway is one of the common key mechanisms of YDXNT in the co-treatment of stroke and CHD. The study provides support and basis for the in-depth scientific connotation of the traditional Chinese medicine theory of "same treatment to different diseases".
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Objective:To establish the quality evaluation methods of Asparagi Radix decoction pieces and its standard decoction. Method:Ten batches of Asparagi Radix standard decoction were prepared. High performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection method (HPLC-ELSD) was established for the determination of protodioscin and protoneodioscin in Asparagi Radix decoction pieces and its standard decoction, and the fingerprint detection of Asparagi Radix decoction pieces with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase for gradient elution. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS was used to identify ten main common peaks in the fingerprint with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution, electrospray ionization (ESI) and positive and negative ion mode scanning were employed, the detection range was m/z 100-1 400. Result:The total content of protodioscin and protoneodioscin in Asparagi Radix decoction pieces was 0.41%-0.72%, and their total content in Asparagi Radix standard decoction was 0.33%-0.59%, the transfer rate of these two components was 73.6%-98.3%. The dry extract yield of the standard decoction was 59.0%-73.0%, and its pH was 4.9-5.6. There were 10 common peaks in the fingerprint, and all of them were saponins, including protoneodioscin, protodioscin, aspacochioside A and its isomer, methyl protodioscin, asparagoside F, (25R)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-furostan-5, 20-diene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-furostan-20 (22)-ene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, pseudodiosgenin, aspacochioside C. Conclusion:In this paper, the quality evaluation methods of Asparagi Radix decoction pieces and its standard decoction are established, and these methods are stable and feasible, which can provide reference for the quality control of pharmaceutical preparations containing Asparagi Radix.
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Danggui Buxue Tang(DBT) is a famous classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for invigorating Qi and activating blood circulation.It is composed of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Astragali Radix.It has the effect of enriching blood,invigorating Qi and regulating immunity,and has a high application value in clinical treatment.Because of its definite curative effect and simple compatibility,it has become a hot spot in the research field of TCM.This paper summarized and analyzed the research status of DBT from the pharmacological action,pharmacodynamic material basis,pharmacokinetics,quality control,compatibility and decoction process,so as to provide reference for the development of DBT and formulating its quality standard.
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Objective To compare the stability of injectable pedicle screw with different lateral holes augmented with different volume of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in synthetic bone block used for patients with osteoporosis,and analyze the relationship between screw stability and injected volume and distribution pattern of PMMA.Methods The synthetic bone blocks used for patients with osteoporosis were randomly divided into groups A,B,C and D according to the screw difference,and the blocks in each group were then randomly divided again into subgroups 0,1,2 and 3 according to the difference of PMMA volume.A pilot hole was prepared in advance using the same method in all samples.Pedicle screws of type A-C were directly inserted into vertebrae of groups A-C respectively,and then different volumes of PMMA (0,1.0,1.5 and 2.0ml) were injected through screw into the blocks of subgroups 0,1,2 and 3 respectively.The pilot hole was filled with different volumes of PMMA (0,1.0,1.5 and 2.0ml) followed by insertion of screw in groups D0,D1,D2 and D3 respectively.X-ray examination was performed to evaluate the screw position and PMMA distribution,and axial pull-out test was performed to measure the maximum axial pullout strength (Fmax).Results X-ray examination revealed that PMMA wrapt the anterior 1/3 part of screw in groups A1-A3,wrapt the middle 1/3 part of screw in groups B1-B3 and groups C1-C3,and evenly wrapt the full length of screw in groups D1-D3.Two factor ANOVA showed that both volume and distribution of PMMA significantly influenced Fmax (P＜0.05),but no marked interaction existed between the two factors (P=0.877).Among groups with the same screw,no significant difference of Fmax was found between the groups injected of 1.0ml and 1.5ml PMMA and those of 1.5ml and 2.0ml PMMA (P＞0.05),but the Fmax was significantly higher in groups with injection of 2.0ml PMMA than that in groups with injection of 1.0ml PMMA (P＜0.05).Among the groups injected with same volume of PMMA,no significant differences on Fmax were found among the groups A0-D0,A2-D2 and A3-D3 (P＞0.05).The Fmax was significantly lower in group A1 than in group DI (P=0.026),and no significant differences existed between the other two groups injected with the same volume of PMMA (P＞0.05).Conclusion PMMA can significantly enhance the stability of different injectable pedicle screws in synthetic bone block used for patients with osteoporosis,and the stability is significantly correlated with injected volume and distribution pattern of PMMA.
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The existing antidepressants demonstrated delayed onset of clinical effects, so fast-onset antidepressants are required. Essential oil of herbs showed potentials fast-onset antidepressant potential. First, its aromatic odor can directly activate olfactory nerves; its high lipophilicity causes a high blood-brain barrier penetration rate; and its high volatility is suitable for nasal-brain targeting and inhalation delivery. Therefore, essential oils can rapidly regulate brain functions by multiple ways, suggesting a fast-onset antidepressant potential. Second, the advance of studies on chemistry and pharmacology of antidepressant essential oils demonstrated chemical substances, antidepressant effects and possible action mechanisms of antidepressant essential oils. Third, the effect of essential oils' antidepressant components on fast-onset antidepressant targets was investigated. It was found that chemical constituents of essential oils antagonized NMDA receptor activities, suggesting that essential oils have fast-onset antidepressant effect. Finally, characteristics of essential oils, fast-onset antidepressant targets and drug delivery methods are integrated to give full play to essential oils' fast-onset antidepressant advantage and provide a new direction for new drug discovery.
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A new caffeate compound, (E)-erythro-syringylglyceryl caffeate (1), was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys chinensis Batal., together with nine known phenolic compounds, including (+)-licarin A (2), naringenin 4', 7-dimethyl ether (3), pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside (4), caraphenol A (5), Z- miyabenol C (6), protocatechuic acid (7), caffeic acid (8), gallic acid (9) and vanillic acid (10). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, this is the first report of compounds 2, 5 and 6 from Nardostachys genus.
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Anaphylactoid reaction (AR) is the most common adverse reaction of injection formulations, however, there are obvious drawbacks in available methods for AR detection. A novel in vitro detection method for AR was established based on fluorescent labeling and high content screen (HCS) system in present study. With the use of RBL-2H3 cells degranulation model, positive cell count was determined with specific cellular membrane fluorescent dye FM4-64 labeling vesicle recycle, and total cells count was determined with specific nucleus fluorescent dye Hochest 3334, and then the ratio of cells degranulation after drug stimulation was calculated. In order to verify the reliability of this HCS method, positive drug Compound 48/80 was first used to confirm the consistence of HCS method with the traditional β-hexosaminidase release test and the Evans blue staining ears test in mice. The results showed high consistence between HCS method and traditional testing methods, and the HCS method showed higher sensitivity than the other two tests. Then 30 samples of Danhong injection (DHI) with clinical allergy symptoms further were used to confirm the reliability of this HCS method. The HCS results showed high consistence with the clinical report, and the HCS method had the advantage in reducing the interference by drug color. Therefore, this HCS method is reliable, sensitive, simple and high-throughput method in detection of AR, applicable for the AR evaluation of injection formulations, and can provide guidance for safety of clinical application in clinical practice.
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A new caffeate compound, (E)-erythro-syringylglyceryl caffeate (1), was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys chinensis Batal., together with nine known phenolic compounds, including (+)-licarin A (2), naringenin 4', 7-dimethyl ether (3), pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside (4), caraphenol A (5), Z-miyabenol C (6), protocatechuic acid (7), caffeic acid (8), gallic acid (9) and vanillic acid (10). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, this is the first report of compounds 2, 5 and 6 from Nardostachys genus.
Subject(s)
Caffeic Acids , Chemistry , Flavanones , Chemistry , Furans , Chemistry , Glucosides , Chemistry , Hydroxybenzoates , Chemistry , Lignans , Chemistry , Nardostachys , Chemistry , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Rhizome , Chemistry , Vanillic Acid , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Surgical treatment of acetabular fracture has long been a challenging area in the field of orthopedic trauma. The aim of this research was to investigate the operative methods for delayed acetabular fractures and to assess the operation results.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The operative approaches, procedures, results, and complications of the delayed acetabular fractures between 1995 and 2005 were retrospectively evaluated at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. Quality of life was assessed for each patient with the Merle d'Aubingne and Postel fracture function rating scale and the radiological result was assessed using the Matta radiological score.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-eight cases (70 hips) were followed up with a minimal duration of five years (average of 5.8 years). Excellent functional results were observed in 10 hip joints, good results in 40, fair results in 11, and poor results in nine. The risks of poor prognosis include impact fracture or osteochondral fracture of femoral head, a time beyond 42 days from injury to operative management, and dislocation of femoral head during the injury. Some of the problems, which were observed included postoperative infection in two hips, iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury in eight hips, traumatic arthritis in 15 hips, heterotopic ossification in 17 hips, and necrosis of the femoral head in six hips.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A careful selection of operative indications for delayed acetabular fractures in combination with a proper operative approach and appropriate reduction and fixation could guarantee relatively good results.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acetabulum , Wounds and Injuries , General Surgery , Fractures, Bone , General Surgery , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
To study the chemical constituents of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., chromatographic methods such as D101 macroporous resin, silica gel column chromatographic technology, Sephadex LH-20, octadecylsilyl (ODS) column chromatographic technique and preparative HPLC were used and nine compounds were isolated from a 95% (v/v) ethanol extract of the plant. By using spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC, these compounds were identified as 5-ethoxymethyl-1-carboxyl propyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (1), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (2), chrysoeriol (3), 4'-hydroxyscutellarin (4), vanillic acid (5), alpha-spinasterol (6), beta-D-glucopyranosyl-a-spinasterol (7), stigmast-7-en-3beta-ol (8), and adenosine (9), separately. Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 3, 4 and 5 are isolated from the genus Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. for the first time.
Subject(s)
Apigenin , Chemistry , Flavones , Chemistry , Fruit , Chemistry , Glucuronates , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Pyrroles , Chemistry , Trichosanthes , Chemistry , Vanillic Acid , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the feasibility and the effectiveness of HIV risk behavior intervention characterized by initiator taking the lead combined with peer's participation, as to preventing HIV epidemic through promoting condom use and reducing the number of sexual partners among men who have sex with men (MSM) groups.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subjects were recruited via peer referral chain. Twelve key MSM were recruited as initiators in bars or other MSM venues in 3 cities of Hefei, Wuhu and Fuyang. Then, each initiator recruited up to 3 MSM to participate and also each of them continued recruiting others. A total of 218 eligible MSM were recruited, and there were four intervention activities conducted. Firstly, twelve initiators were trained according to intervention manual and then intervention activities were implemented by initiators based on their referral chain. Participants were required to complete self-administrated questionnaire at baseline and the third month after intervention finished. The comparison of the results before and after intervention was conducted two months later to see any improvement in HIV/AIDS knowledge, and condom use.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 218 participants, 170 (77.9%) were followed up in assessment three months later. The results from paired t-Test and Chi Square Test showed that intervention increased HIV/STDs related knowledge (baseline, 14.71 +/- 2.59; follow-up, 16.95 +/- 1.81; t = -10.647, P < 0.01) and the rate of having female sexual partner during previous 2 months (baseline, 17.6%; follow-up, 11.2%; P < 0.01) were of significant differences. Meanwhile, the intervention increased rate of condom use in the last three times of anal intercourse with homosexual partners, casual homosexual partners and primary homosexual partners (baseline, 55.3%, 43.2%, 49.1%; follow-up, 65.2%, 52.2%, 60.9%; chi(2) = 9.979, P < 0.01; chi(2) = 5.797, P < 0.05; chi(2) = 13.082, P < 0.01; respectively) and decreased rate of non-condom use in the last anal intercourse with homosexual partners, casual homosexual partners and primary homosexual partners (baseline, 41.2%, 35.3%, 45.3%; follow-up, 25.3%, 27.1%, 31.2%; P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.01; respectively) were all of some improvement. Other relevant indicators of 218 participants with 170 followed were compared, excepting the above similar findings, there were no differences in rate of number of female sexual partner during previous 2 months and rate of condom use in the last three anal intercourse with casual homosexual partners and rate of non-condom use in the last anal intercourse with casual homosexual partners.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HIV risk behavior intervention based on MSM peer groups is feasible and might increase the condom use among MSM.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Condoms , Contact Tracing , Feasibility Studies , HIV Infections , Epidemiology , Homosexuality, Male , Risk-Taking , Sexual PartnersABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical significance of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosis and treatment of acetabular fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The plain and CT films of the 66 cases of acetabular fracture from January 2001 to June 2002 were analyzed retrospectively, and the radiological characteristics and results were compared to each other.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The diagnosis of 6 cases were changed after CT examination, and the occurrence ratio of marginal impaction, free body in joint, femoral head fracture, sacro-iliac injury and ischial tubersoity fracture involvement were 3:17, 7:29, 6:15, 0:5 and 1:5 in plain and CT examination respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CT examination has the determinative role in detecting weight-bearing zone, marginal impaction, free body, femoral head fracture, sacro-iliac injury, etc., and for completing the diagnosis and guiding the treatment. It should be the routine examination just as the three standard plain examinations in acetabular fractures, and should be carefully read.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Acetabulum , Diagnostic Imaging , Wounds and Injuries , Fractures, Bone , Diagnosis , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Tomography Scanners, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the diagnosis and treatment of marginal impaction of acetabular fractures.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Eighteen of 26 patients with marginal impaction of acetabular fractures were retrospectively reviewed. Marginal impactions was confirmed in 15 patients by CT scan before operation, and in 3 during operation. All patients were treated by ORIF, and the impacted bones were elevated with bone grafts (Bone graft was not used in one patient). All fractures were fixed with a reconstruction plate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean follow up was 36.7 months (5 - 71 months). The modified D'Aubingne and Postel score system showed excellent results in 6 patients, good 7, fair 2, and poor 3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Posterior fractures and dislocations of acetabular fractures are easily combined with marginal impaction, and can diagnosed by CT scan. Cortical impaction should be recognized as a special type. The impacted bone should be elevated for bone grafting.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acetabulum , Wounds and Injuries , Bone Plates , Bone Transplantation , Follow-Up Studies , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Fractures, Bone , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Tomography Scanners, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve the effect of operative management of acetabular fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and seventy eight acetabular fractures were treated operatively from August 1993 to December 2000. Their functional results and complications were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hundred and twelve hips were followed up for an average of 45.7 months. Heterotopic ossification was noted in 26 hips, post-operative osteoarthritis in 22 hips, avascular necrosis of the femoral head in 8 hips, and sciatic nerve injury in 7 hips after operations. No death and infection were found in this series.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ectopic bone formation develops at extended ilio-femoral and Kocher-Langeneck approaches. Cartilaginous injury of the femoral head is contributable to post-operative osteoarthritis, and imperfect reduction is an important factor in the genesis of osteoarthritis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acetabulum , Wounds and Injuries , Femur Head Necrosis , Follow-Up Studies , Fractures, Bone , General Surgery , Intraoperative Complications , Ossification, Heterotopic , Osteoarthritis, Hip , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Sciatic Nerve , Wounds and Injuries , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the operative methods of delayed acetabular fractures and the operative results.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The operative approaches, procedures, results and complications of the delayed acetabular fractures between August 1993 and August 2001 in Jishuitan Hospital were evaluated retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-two patients were followed up 49.6 months on average. Sciatic nerve palsy was found in 1 patient. Excellent functional results of hip joints were found in 3 patients, good in 16, fair in 10, and poor in 3. Ectopic bone formation was observed in 6 patients and necrosis of the femoral head in 3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Careful selection of operative indications of delayed acetabular fractures in combination with proper operative approach and appropriate reduction and fixation, good results can be obtained.</p>